Recognizing Objects

Directions:
Select the BEST response alternative for each of the questions below.

1. When a person seems able to see an object’s shape and color and position, but can’t put these elements together to perceive the entire object, they are said to suffer from:

A) apperceptive amnesia.

B) apperceptive agnosia.

C) moderate to severe dementia.

D) Both (A) and (C).

2. In the example taken from Oliver Sack's book about people with various neurological disorders, Sacks reported that a patient took hold of his wife’s head in order to:

A) verify that she was really his wife.

B) make her stop revealing what he felt were personal secrets to Dr. Sacks.

C) put her head on his own head as if she were a hat to wear.

D) show Dr. Sacks that he was able to identify where his wife's head was located.

3. If feature analysis is an early step in our analysis of the visual world, then we would expect people to be:

A) faster to search for a target defined by a simple feature but slower in searching for a target defined as a combination of features.

B) slower to search for a target defined by a simple feature but faster in searching for a target defined as a combination of features.

C) about equally fast or slow to search for a target defined by a simple feature as a target defined as a combination of features.

D) unable to identify a target defined by a simple feature but very capable of identifying a target defined by a combination of features.

4. Jacoby and Dallas (1981) showed participants words that were either very frequent (appearing at least 50 times in every million printed words) or infrequent (occurring only 1 to 5 times per million words of print). Participants viewed these words for 35 ms, followed by a mask. It was found that:

A) participants were unable to recognize any word due to how quickly the stimuli were presented (i.e., only 35 ms).

B) performance was about the same regardless of word frequency, demonstrating the power of human cognition.

C) low frequency words were easier to recognize than high frequency words.

D) high frequency words were easier to recognize than low frequency words.

5. The finding that it is easier to recognize a letter if it appears within a word than if it appears in isolation, is known as the:

A) Selfridge effect.

B) word superiority effect.

C) bottom-up processing effect.

D) All of the above.

6. In terms of the mistakes people make when briefly presented with letter strings such as TPUM it tends to be the case that:

A) people tend to misread less-common letter sequences as if they were more-common patterns.

B) TPUM will be misread as TRUM but TRUM would not be misread as TPUM.

C) misspelled words, partial words, or nonwords are read in a way that brings them into line with normal spelling.

D) All of the above.

7. Studies have revealed that characteristics affecting how words look (e.g., font, bold, italics, capitalization, etc.):

A) have little to no substantive effects on comprehension or memory among college-level readers, but do affect performance for poor readers.

B) will temporarily affect reading until the reader realizes that reading difficulties are due to the font rather than the writing style.

C) can have significant effects on readibility, memorability, and even people's estimates of an author's intelligence.

D) can influence whether readers will want to change their own writing styles to match the author's writing style.

8. Feature net models have been used to explain:

A) the word superiority effect.

B) the Selfridge effect.

C) bottom-up processing.

D) All of the above.

9. An advantage of Biederman's Recognition by Components model is that it:

A) adds additional levels of processing to the older feature net models when it comes to identifying words.

B) was designed to deal with the recognition of the 3D objects that normally fill our world.

C) could be programmed into a computer which feature net models could not.

D) it introduced the dimension of color to the process of object recognition which had been previously ignored.

10. Individuals who have prosopagnosia have demonstrated that they:

A) are able to reproduce (draw) a picture or photo from memory after only a single glance at the image.

B) cannot recognize individual faces, not even their own.

C) will not be able to recall an image recently presented to them but have no difficulty recalling any words that had been presented.

D) will not be able to recall a word recently presented to them but have no difficulty recalling any images that had been presented.

11. Top-Down processing is:

A) also referred to as expectancy driven processing.

B) demonstrated when people all see the same object, yet still have different interpretations of what the object actually is.

C) also referred to as conceptually driven processing.

D) All of the above.

12. According to the text, speed-reading can be learned and is:

A) not very efficient at conveying meaning if the reading material is difficult to understand.

B) not very efficient at conveying meaning if the reading material is too easy to understand.

C) very efficient at conveying meaning even if the reading material is difficult to understand.

D) never efficient at conveying meaning regardless of whether the reading material is easy or difficult to understand.

End of Quiz!

Your score out of 100%: %

The correct answers are marked by a "C" in the box before each question. The incorrect questions are marked by an "X".

1.	When a person seems able to see an object’s shape and color and position, but can’t put these elements together to perceive the entire object, they are said to suffer from:
	A)	apperceptive amnesia.
	B)	apperceptive agnosia.
	C)	moderate to severe dementia.
	D)	Both (A) and (C).
2.	In the example taken from Oliver Sack's book about people with various neurological disorders, Sacks reported that a patient took hold of his wife’s head in order to:
	A)	verify that she was really his wife.
	B)	make her stop revealing what he felt were personal secrets to Dr. Sacks.
	C)	put her head on his own head as if she were a hat to wear.
	D)	show Dr. Sacks that he was able to identify where his wife's head was located.
3.	If feature analysis is an early step in our analysis of the visual world, then we would expect people to be:
	A)	faster to search for a target defined by a simple feature but slower in searching for a target defined as a combination of features.
	B)	slower to search for a target defined by a simple feature but faster in searching for a target defined as a combination of features.
	C)	about equally fast or slow to search for a target defined by a simple feature as a target defined as a combination of features.
	D)	unable to identify a target defined by a simple feature but very capable of identifying a target defined by a combination of features.
4.	Jacoby and Dallas (1981) showed participants words that were either very frequent (appearing at least 50 times in every million printed words) or infrequent (occurring only 1 to 5 times per million words of print). Participants viewed these words for 35 ms, followed by a mask. It was found that:
	A)	participants were unable to recognize any word due to how quickly the stimuli were presented (i.e., only 35 ms).
	B)	performance was about the same regardless of word frequency, demonstrating the power of human cognition.
	C)	low frequency words were easier to recognize than high frequency words.
	D)	high frequency words were easier to recognize than low frequency words.
5.	The finding that it is easier to recognize a letter if it appears within a word than if it appears in isolation, is known as the:
	A)	Selfridge effect.
	B)	word superiority effect.
	C)	bottom-up processing effect.
	D)	All of the above.
6.	In terms of the mistakes people make when briefly presented with letter strings such as TPUM it tends to be the case that:
	A)	people tend to misread less-common letter sequences as if they were more-common patterns.
	B)	TPUM will be misread as TRUM but TRUM would not be misread as TPUM.
	C)	misspelled words, partial words, or nonwords are read in a way that brings them into line with normal spelling.
	D)	All of the above.
7.	Studies have revealed that characteristics affecting how words look (e.g., font, bold, italics, capitalization, etc.):
	A)	have little to no substantive effects on comprehension or memory among college-level readers, but do affect performance for poor readers.
	B)	will temporarily affect reading until the reader realizes that reading difficulties are due to the font rather than the writing style.
	C)	can have significant effects on readibility, memorability, and even people's estimates of an author's intelligence.
	D)	can influence whether readers will want to change their own writing styles to match the author's writing style.
8.	Feature net models have been used to explain:
	A)	the word superiority effect.
	B)	the Selfridge effect.
	C)	bottom-up processing.
	D)	All of the above.
9.	*An advantage of Biederman's Recognition by Components* model is that it:**
	A)	adds additional levels of processing to the older feature net models when it comes to identifying words.
	B)	was designed to deal with the recognition of the 3D objects that normally fill our world.
	C)	could be programmed into a computer which feature net models could not.
	D)	it introduced the dimension of color to the process of object recognition which had been previously ignored.
10.	Individuals who have prosopagnosia have demonstrated that they:
	A)	are able to reproduce (draw) a picture or photo from memory after only a single glance at the image.
	B)	cannot recognize individual faces, not even their own.
	C)	will not be able to recall an image recently presented to them but have no difficulty recalling any words that had been presented.
	D)	will not be able to recall a word recently presented to them but have no difficulty recalling any images that had been presented.
11.	Top-Down processing is:
	A)	also referred to as expectancy driven processing.
	B)	demonstrated when people all see the same object, yet still have different interpretations of what the object actually is.
	C)	also referred to as conceptually driven processing.
	D)	All of the above.
12.	According to the text, speed-reading can be learned and is:
	A)	not very efficient at conveying meaning if the reading material is difficult to understand.
	B)	not very efficient at conveying meaning if the reading material is too easy to understand.
	C)	very efficient at conveying meaning even if the reading material is difficult to understand.
	D)	never efficient at conveying meaning regardless of whether the reading material is easy or difficult to understand.