Color Perception

Directions:
Select the BEST response alternative for each of the questions below.

	1.	Gabriele Jordan and her colleagues in England have shown that at least some women with 4-cone systems in their retinae are:
		A)	color-deficient.
		B)	unable to discriminate wavelengths at all.
		C)	able to discriminate colors that normal people would see as the same.
		D)	better able to sustain damage to the occipital lobe and still discern color.
	2.	Blue objects absorb most wavelengths but reflect light at about 450 nm. This phenomenon relates to:
		A)	spectral reflectance.
		B)	resonance properties.
		C)	color spectrometry.
		D)	specter of bond.
	3.	When we use color names such as red, orange, green, and indigo, we are referring to:
		A)	saturation.
		B)	intensity.
		C)	hue.
		D)	brightness.
	4.	What is the difference between additive and subtractive color mixing?
		A)	Additive mixing involves mixing similar colors of different brightness, whereas subtractive mixing involves mixing disparate colors of similar brightness.
		B)	Additive color mixing is what happens when we mix lights of different colors, whereas subtractive color mixing occurs when we mix paints or other colored materials.
		C)	Additive color mixing is what happens when we combine physical pigments, whereas subtractive color mixing is what happens when we filter out certain wavelengths of light.
		D)	Additive color mixing occurs at the level of the retina, whereas subtractive color mixing occurs at the level of V4 in the occipital cortex.
	5.	A psychophysical color match between two patches of light that have different sets of wavelengths is known as:
		A)	an additive color match.
		B)	a subtractive color match.
		C)	a photon equivalence.
		D)	a metamer.
	6.	The principle whereby any single cone system is colorblind, in the sense that different combinations of wavelength and intensity can result in the same response from the cone system, is known as:
		A)	cone specificity.
		B)	color deficient theory.
		C)	univariance.
		D)	deuteranopia.
	7.	A green square surrounded by red looks more green than if surrounded by a neutral color. Similarly, a yellow square looks more yellow when surrounded by a blue background than a neutral background. These phenomena support which view of color perception?
		A)	Competitive theory of color vision.
		B)	Trichromatic theory of color vision.
		C)	Complementary theory of color vision.
		D)	Opponent-process theory of color vision.
	8.	Double-opponent cells are thought to be particularly useful for detecting:
		A)	color edges by enhancing color divisions at the edges of objects.
		B)	the subtle variations of hues that are close on the color wheel.
		C)	unique colors by having two receptors to discern them.
		D)	the edges of achromatic colors that do not activate normal opponent cells.
	9.	Which of the following is TRUE about rod monochromats?
		A)	They cannot distinguish between red and green.
		B)	They see best in bright sunlight.
		C)	They cannot learn to read.
		D)	They see the world only in black, white, and grays.
	10.	A lack of S-cones is known as:
		A)	tritanopia.
		B)	protanopia.
		C)	deuteranopia.
		D)	anosoanopia.
	11.	An object appears red despite the fact that it is illuminated by a green light or a yellow light. This phenomenon is known as:
		A)	color constancy.
		B)	lightness constancy.
		C)	color invariance.
		D)	lightness invariance.
	12.	That the perceived lightness of an object is explained by the ratio of light it reflects rather than the absolute amount of light it reflects, assuming even illumination across the visual scene, is known as the:
		A)	Gelb effect.
		B)	lightness ratio.
		C)	color-lightness invariance.
		D)	ratio principle.

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The correct answers are marked by a "C" in the box before each question. The incorrect questions are marked by an "X".